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6 FAQs about [Rock drill tunnel video explanation]
How does drill and blast tunneling work?
Ans: The process involves two main phases: drilling precise holes into the rock and then filling these holes with explosives. The subsequent controlled explosions fracture the rock, making it easier to remove and allowing the tunnel to progress.
Should a tunnel be drilled or blasted?
Drill and Blast is also preferable in scenarios with high overburden where the depth of the tunnel mitigates the impact of blasting on surface structures and environments. The controlled use of explosives in such conditions can be more effective than the incremental excavation and support adjustments used in NATM.
What are the different types of tunneling methods?
From soft soil to hard rock, tunnels are dug in different materials. Tunneling methods depend on several factors such as surface conditions, length of the tunnel drive, tunnel depth, and more. Three main methods of building tunnels include cut-and-cover, bored, and immersed tunnels. Cut-and-cover tunnels are excavated in a shallow trench.
How do you calculate a rock breakage in a tunnel?
This includes calculating the optimal burden (distance from the blast hole to the nearest free face), spacing (distance between adjacent blast holes), and stemming length (material used to retain the explosive gases in the blast holes), which are pivotal for achieving desired rock breakage without causing undue damage to the tunnel integrity.
What are the two phases of rock drilling?
The methodology includes two primary phases: drilling, where holes are meticulously drilled into the rock using advanced machinery tailored to the specific rock's hardness and composition; followed by blasting, where these holes are filled with explosives and detonated in a controlled manner.
What tools are used to measure the stability of a tunnel?
Tools such as piezometers, extensometers, and inclinometers are deployed to track changes in water pressure, rock displacement, and soil deformation, respectively. These instruments are crucial for assessing the stability of the tunnel during and after the excavation process.