Because of the size of these motors, starting them up can result in a huge current surge, that can last for several seconds, or more. For small air compressors (< 5 kW) this is not a problem - we can start them up directly using a so called "Direct Online" or DOL system. .
Back to the startup systems. Star/delta (Y-D) is the most common system deployed in air compressors, or in industrial machines in general. It's simple, easy to understand, easy to troubleshoot and. .
Here we see a typical setup of a star-delta starter: *Typical setup of a star-delta starter. There are 6 cables going to the motor (white, at the bottom) .
The system always consists of 3 main contactors (big relais) in a typical configuration that is easy to recognize. The 3 contactors are: 1. Main/line contactor 2. Delta contactor 3. Star contactor [pdf]
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